PLANETS AT DOOM
- Prajwal Hiremath
- May 16, 2019
- 4 min read
The ranging catastrophe at dead and dying stars
The Sun's nuclear furnace has gamely churned along for 4.5 billion years-& it will continue to do so far at least that long or longer .But then what?we know that it will bloat to a fearsome red giant over 200 times its current size,a blazing monstrosity that -
like the titan Cronus in ancient myth(Greek )- will devour its planetary children including the Earth .So,with a view to forecasting our own planet's troubled future, let's examine some of the doomed planets of dead and dying stars.
ORANGE GIANTS
THESTIAS (POLLAX B)
Distance 33.7 light years
Age 700 million years
Mass 2.3 Jupiter mass
The gas giant Thestias orbits the K-class orange giant Pollux-the nearest "evolved " star. Pollax is only in the earliest stages of gianthood- so Thestias can look forward to a very hot future.
HYPATIA (EDASICH B)
Distance 101 Light Years
Age Possibly 10 billion light years
Mass 8.82 Jupiter mass
The planet Hypatia orbits the distant orange giant Edasich (Iota Draconi).It may once have lain within the star's habitable zone & since Edasich is thought to be very ancient ,any Earth sized moons Hypatia may host could have been habitable for billions of years.
RED GIANT & SUPER GIANTS
HD 220074 B
Distance 1,100 light years
Age 4.5-8 Billion years
Mass 11.1 Jupiter mass
The immense planet of red giant HD 220074 may have attained it's greater size by accreting the stellar matter sloughed off by it's parent star during its windy,mass-loss stage. Is this a preview of what will happen to jupiter in the far future?
R66 & R126
Distance 170,000 light years
Age A few million years
Mass About 10 times the kuiper belt
These supergiant stars 30 & 70 times the sun's mass respectively , are located in a giant star formation cloud in Large Magellanic Clouds.They possess huge circumstellar disks, from which planets might even now be forming-through they'll likely be stillborn, as the gigantic stars willl soon go supernova.
B-CLASS SUBDWARFS
V391 PEGASI B
Distance 4,570 light years
Age Possibly over 10 billion years
Mass 3.2 Jupiter mass
Subdwarfs of this type -only half the sun's mass & a quarter it's size ,though many times hotter & more luminous - are thought to be the naked cores of red giant stars.A large gas giant, V391 Peg b is proof that planets can survive the red giant phase of their parent's stars.
KEPLER -70 SYSTEM
Distance 3,800 light years
Age 18.4 million years
Mass 0.4 to 0.6 Earth mass
The remnant cores of gas giants that survived their primary's red giant stage,Kepler 70 b & Kepler -70 c are some of the most exotic planets ever found. The inner most world is hotter than the surface of the Sun, & completes an orbit in just over 5 hours.
WHITE DWARFS
WD 1145+017
Distance 570 light years
Age 1.2 billion years
Mass 0.0006678 Earth mass
Consisting of a White Dwarf a little over half the Sun's mass, the WD 1145+017 system is a good analogue of the solar system's distant future. The star cinder is slowly shredding a Ceres-Sized object-all that's left of its planetary system-& consuming the rocky material .Will this be the Eath's fate?
PSR B1620-26B
Distance 12,400 light years
Age 12.7 billion years
Mass 2.5 jupiter mass
The incredibly ancient "Methuselah" planet was originally the lone world of a Sun like star in the outer marches of the M4 globular cluster.T he system was later captured by a neutron star ;its original sun eventually became a white dwarf, turning the neutron star into a pulsar in the process . The planets now unconcernedly orbits both weird stellar corpses
PULSAR PLANETS
PSR 1257+12 SYSTEM
Distance 2,300 light years
Age 1 Billion years
Mass 0.02, 4.3 & 3.9 Earth masses
Ironically, the earliest confirmed extrasolar planets were these three pulsar companions-called respectively ,"Draugr","Poltergeist"& "Phobetor". It's though these worlds condensed from the remains of the pulsar's companion star, which was shredded with the neutron star's progenitor went supernova.
PSR J1719-1438B
Distance 3,900 light years
Age 12.5 billion years
Mass 1.02 Jupiter Masses
PSR JI719-1438B is not so much an actual planet , but an ultra -low -mass carbon-oxygen white dwarf whose outer layers were evaporated by it's pulsar companion. It's essential a gigantic diamond with the mass of Jupiter ,a diameter of 55,000 km & a density 23 times that of water.
BLACK HOLE
Practically ,we haven't any evidence of a black hole system. But theoretically it is possible. A black hole could have 1 million planets orbiting near it that are potentially capable of supporting life as we know it, an astrophysicist suggests. Since there is life virtually everywhere liquid water exists on Earth, astronomers often judge a world as potentially habitable if it orbits within a zone where liquid water could survive on its surface. Our sun's "habitable zone" hosts just one planet (Earth), but the story could be different for other stars.
For example: let assume our Sun turn's into a black hole*(condition applies) then our planet Earth wouldn't face any catastrophe but the temperature of the Earth will fall down(ice age).
The above example is clearly explained by this fig.
So, now a days astrophysicist are eagerly searching for the practical evidence of the black hole planet system.
Source
https://futurism.com/
https://www.space.com/40846-black-hole-million-habitable-planets.html
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